Adult nursing scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Grown-up nursing situation - Essay Example Mrs. Taylor, 68 is conceded with a background marked by interminable obstructive pneumonic malady (COPD) She is short of breath and anxious.She has constrained portability because of an agonizing left hip.Using the Reflective Cycle of G. Gibbs (1988) I will consider the learning and formative needs recognized in the situation depicted. The six 'halting focuses' give an accommodating individual understanding and are followed, all together, all through this essay.Description: When Mrs. Taylor was conceded in the condition before depicted, I was working with a senior partner, a ward sister experienced in grown-up nursing. The patient was in torment, enormously upset and with some cyanosis.She had been taking care of her condition at home with the assistance of oxygen and medication treatment, so her current state demonstrated that a few triggers more likely than not exacerbated the condition.These could be bronchitis, pneumonia, hypersensitivity or an excessive number of cigarettes.Feel ings: I felt a need to keep moving and the need to kick medicine off to mitigate the manifestations. I felt worry for her physical prosperity and some disappointment that it would benefit from outside assistance 'at once.'When I saw how sister talked delicately and reassuringly to Mrs. Taylor, contacting her hand and smoothing her temple, I felt somewhat ashamed.At sister's proposal, Mrs.Taylor inhaled all the more gradually and her uneasiness decreased. I at that point sat with her, asking how she was feeling, truly listening cautiously to her responses.I thought the amount progressively troublesome this would be with a kid or intellectually incapacitated adult,recognising the requirement for an increasingly mental methodology... These could be bronchitis, pneumonia, sensitivity or such a large number of cigarettes. Decent Guideline (2004) close ' The ailment is transcendently brought about by smoking and about all victims are more than 35.' 2. The excruciating left hip was another significant reason for concern. We got her settled in bed, nebuliser veil on and bed head raised, promising help with discomfort for the hip. Sentiments: I felt a need to keep moving and the need to kick medicine off to ease the side effects. I felt worry for her physical prosperity and some disappointment that it would benefit from outside intervention 'on the double.' At the point when I saw how sister talked delicately and reassuringly to Mrs. Taylor, contacting her hand and smoothing her temple, I felt somewhat embarrassed. At sister's recommendation, Mrs. Taylor inhaled all the more gradually and her tension lessened. I at that point sat with her, asking how she was feeling, truly listening cautiously to her reactions. 'Going to is the demonstration of truly concentrating on the individual who needs assistance. We have to make ourselves purposely mindful of what the other individual is stating and of what the person in question is attempting to let us know.' Morrison and Burnard (1991) I thought the amount progressively troublesome this would be with a youngster or intellectually handicapped grown-up, perceiving the requirement for an increasingly mental methodology, more consolations and an 'individual centered' nursing style. Grown-ups like Mrs. Taylor show up progressively ready to add to their own improvement, being both educated and mindful. I imagined that regardless of which nursing area I was associated with, I would perceive that similar necessities of consolation, organization of prescription and exact record keeping would apply. I would likewise hold fast to the standards of regard for any social or social foundation.

buy custom The Work of an Information Technology essay

purchase custom The Work of an Information Technology paper Crafted by an Information Technology proficient spotlights on the utilization of innovation in building up an association with data administrations. The work involves organizing, establishment of reinforcement or recuperation frameworks, area arrangement, and equipment establishment. Work with regards to an It proficient in a college involves giving framework administrations to the foundation. A portion of these administrations incorporate undertaking the board, connecting clients to IT administrations and procedure improvement, for example, an Information Technology Infrastructure Library. The principle point of an IT proficient in such an establishment is to guarantee that sound foundation interfaces the associations specialized and administration structure in this way; give a favorable domain to learning. Its effect work can be found in the improvement of viability of administration conveyance to understudies and staff, a significant aspect in authoritative turn of events (Marilu, Kathleen Keith 2006). The result of the work led by IT experts involves investing amounts of energy on all individuals from the association to progress in the direction of improving hierarchical activities. This will empower the association to serve its understudies and staff while satisfying its strategic vision. These tasks must be accomplished if the data innovation frameworks are all around introduced and worked. Data security is the one of the key difficulties confronting IT experts. Each individual is utilizing the web to misuse openings and rsources that accompany it. In any case, there are likewise individuals and associations who have as of now spelt fate for the IT calling. Programmers utilize a similar web to assault and cut down data frameworks having a place with different associations. Previously, organizations depended on IT proficient in overseeing PC, data, and system security. The expanding danger to the frameworks has constrained organizations to recruit data security work force to help in dealing with all security issues. The other test is that IT specialists need to experience further preparing than previously. They must be prepared in designing security and activities the executives among other complex issues that encompass data delicate associations. IT specialists must be learned in the novel advancements utilized in web based business. Most associations grasp these new advances without realizing that even the programmers are creating novel methods of hacking. New frameworks are of key enthusiasm to programmers since most associations are not familiar with their tasks. It is indispensable to take note of that, an IT proficient needs to think ahead, conceptualize any possible danger like misrepresentation, and relieve it. Web based business area involves Business-to-Business undertakings and Business-to-Customer. The issue of system security is a major issue to the IT experts. Trojans, worms and infections can be sent through steady messages, spam, and messages that may give off an impression of being of no mischief to numerous individuals and associations. IT experts have numerous open doors in the Information Technology division. One can prepare as an IT data master and his work will be to recognize any danger to the data frameworks of an association. IT experts can likewise utilize their aptitudes to manufacture frameworks that are programmer confirmation and offer to a few associations. On a similar line, they can exploit the information in their field and use it to set up web based business exercises that will procure them pay. In reality improvement, for example, in Kansas University, IT experts have set up a data frameworks that empowers the college to accomplish its objectives. Data administrations conveyance has been extremely successful particularly with the set up of a data framework library that is being used by the two understudies and staff. The structure of data administrations at the college empowers understudies to get to administrations, hence the production of an authoritative learning framework. The difficulties at the University include protecting the data frameworks from programmers (Sambamurthy, Brown, 1999). The systems have likewise to be secured since hacking may harm the entire system. The open doors include functioning as a data security master to alleviate the dangers presented by programmers. As I would see it, the IT field is loaded with numerous open doors for understudies who expect to contemplate this field. One can fill in as a data security master, structure frameworks that are programmer verification or start a web based business undertaking. Purchase custom The Work of an Information Technology article

How to Select Examples of APA Research Paper

How to Select Examples of APA Research PaperWhen you are on the lookout for examples of APA research paper, you will find that there are many options to choose from. This article will give you a quick and handy guide on how to select the most appropriate and applicable sample for your requirements.To begin with, ensure that you know about the current opportunity that you want to apply for. By knowing this, you can first plan your essay topics, so that you will have the time required to choose the most suitable APA research paper sample. Besides that, you can also know how much time it will take you to finish the whole research task, which is usually taken by most students during their junior years.If you know about your present opportunity, then you should choose an example of APA research paper that is in line with your interests. This will help you come up with the perfect topic for your research assignment. For instance, if you are good in math, then you should choose an example o f APA research paper that focuses on algebraic equations and the basic analytical techniques. In addition, you should also pick a topic that is within your level of interest, so that you will not waste your precious time.Since you have already identified your topic and the type of research to be done, the next step is to determine the length of the application. This will depend on whether you will use it as an undergraduate or as a graduate project. In order to complete the task quickly, you should choose an example of APA research paper that can be completed within just a few days.When you have chosen an example of APA research paper, you can now decide whether you will prepare the material yourself or not. If you will do it yourself, then you must be well-versed in English grammar and writing, and also have knowledge about the most recent academic developments. For students who want to get a job, this job will require you to have an excellent research communication skill.Once you have decided to prepare your own research papers, it is advisable to read some sample APA research paper samples to understand more about the tasks you need to perform. Additionally, you should also consider which samples are in line with your future research needs. By knowing these details, you will be able to choose an example of APA research paper that can be completed within a few days.Now, you can choose the appropriate examples of APA research paper that can be used in the study. By having an idea of the requirements and goals of the research project, you will be able to take a step towards your goal. Thus, make sure that you follow the steps correctly, and you will have a successful research project.

The Impact Of Datscan On Diagnosis And Management Of...

The Impact of DaTscan on the Diagnosis and Management of Movement Disorders: A Retrospective Study. New and evolving diagnostic tests are always exciting. Especially if these tests could possibly lead us to a cure for those diseases that currently have only treatment, but no cures. Parkinson s is a progressively degenerative disease, which affects millions of people every year. Patients suffering from Parkinson s incur high costs from drug therapy, fall-related injuries, and hospitalizations. By diagnosing this disease earlier, treatment can be started earlier and hopefully the symptoms can be delayed and less severe for a longer period of time giving the patient a better quality of life. However, with any new test we must use statistical measures to determine if these tests are truly making a difference. This search was performed using articles in Pubmed and PMC from the US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health using the key terms Parkinson s disease, parkinsons diagnosis, and DaTscan. No print sources were used during this research. In the current times of change and technology, by the time an article or book is written, edited, sent to press, and distributed to stores, libraries, etc it is already old news. For the most up to date information, the Internet is usually where the most relevant information can be found. However, with any media source, it is important to use information from reputable sources. Parkinson s disease is one of

Stress Management Essay - 1503 Words

Stress is defined as â€Å"any circumstances that threaten or are perceived to threaten one’s well-being and thereby tax one’s coping abilities† (Weiten Lloyd, 2006, p. 72). Stress is a natural event that exists literally in all areas of one’s life. It can be embedded in the environment, culture, or perception of an event or idea. Stress is a constant burden, and can be detrimental to one’s physical and mental health. However stress can also provide beneficial effects; it can satisfy one’s need for stimulation and challenge, promote personal growth, and can provide an individual with the tools to cope with, and be less affected by tomorrow’s stress (Weiten Lloyd, 2006, p. 93). When stressful events occur three types of responses take†¦show more content†¦Both aggression and self indulgence are harmful and have negative effects both psychologically and physiologically. Positive coping strategies, or constructive coping, refer to strategies that are healthy when dealing with stress. Constructive coping strategies involve realistic appraisals of the situation, directly confronting the situation, organizing and managing the potentially disruptive emotional reactions to stress, and exerting some control over the negative habitual behaviors (Weiten Lloyd, 2006, p. 114). In order to effectively manage stress an individual must first accurately identify the sources of the stress. Psychological tests such as the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS), or the Life Experiences Survey (LES), can aid in identifying the extent in which events or situations that are perceived as stressful. The SRRS test measures life change as a form of stress. Values are assi gned to 43 major life events that reflect the degree of the readjustment required by each change (Weiten Lloyd, 2006). A high score on the SRRS indicates that the individual is more vulnerable to physical and psychological illnesses. However the SRRS fails to account for many variables such as individual perception of the event or neuroticism. The stressful events depicted in the SRRS are ambiguous, which lowers the reliability of the test. Alternatively the LES was designed to address the problems withShow MoreRelatedStress And The Stress Management1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe definition of Stress, its history and how to manage Stress is a daily conversation word as the world is becoming more challenging and difficult to live. It is very important to understand, and know how to manage it on a daily basis especially on our workplace. This essay will be broken into four parts firstly it is going to discuss about the contrast and similarity in the definition of stress between Engineering and Selye’s approach. Then it is going to critically evaluate the General AdaptationRead MoreHow Stress And Stress Management1319 Words   |  6 Pagesin which we have studied during the weeks of nine through eleven. 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Stress is reported to cost employers US$120Read MoreEssay on Stress and Stress Management1494 Words   |  6 Pages Stress and stress management: What is stress and how to manage it ? Stress is defined as a force that tends to strain or deform (b) mental emotional or physical tension, strain or distress-(v) to put emphasis on (c ) to subject to strain or pressure. Stress is a unwanted feeling of emotions and physiological arousal that some experience in certain situations. Stress can mean different things to various people. People have said; â€Å"That stress can causeRead MoreA Short Note On Stress Management And Stress Essay998 Words   |  4 PagesStania Tavil Dr. Diane D. Ashe Psychology 2012 October 15, 2016 Stress Management In everyday life, people have to deal with some good moments and some difficulties. They can be helpful and also destructive. Life Comes down to several characteristic as:/ joy, love, sadness, crying etc. There are many phenomena that appear and seem good and a little weird too sometimes. They can be: physical, moral, social, economic, psychological, natural disaster, or failing to achieve. Everyone wants to be happyRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress And Nutrition On Stress Management1852 Words   |  8 Pages Over the recent decades the emerging importance that nutrition has on stress management in college students along with others has become a controversial topic all across different Universities and Public Institutions. Hence, for years, society has suspected that stress and nutrition are linked and now after so many years, scientific research has found evidence to support this connection. In an article by Fysekidis Kouacou (2015), research suggest to help explain this link and, as more individualsRead MoreStress Management Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesStress Stress is normal. It happens to everyone, and affects everyone differently. It is a feeling of being overwhelmed for handling things you aren’t used to. Stress is also known as a response or something that changes in the body caused by emotions, social, physical, or economical issues which can cause tension mentally and physically. It can be caused by external or internal situations. What’s known as the â€Å"fight or flight† response, is initiated when an individual becomes stressed. It is theRead More The Management of Stress Essay1447 Words   |  6 Pagesnot the answer I’m looking for. The correct answer is stress. Everyone has stress in his or her life at one point or another. It’s one of many inevitable parts of life. Whether it’s busting out a research paper for Psychology at the last minute, expecting your first child to be born, to making sure you’re up in time to catch the Saturday morning cartoons, it’s clearly evid ent that everyone goes through stress. The real question is, how is stress handled in our society? A person is defined by how theyRead MoreEssay on Stress Management649 Words   |  3 PagesStress Management Responses to stressors present different impacts on each individual. Stressors have a physical and psychological effect on people although some people seem to be much less effected by stress being able to withstand high levels of stress almost as if there daily lives depend on it. Even though it is accepted stress is with us from are waking moment to the minute we sleep, almost all individuals through time suffer physical or psychological illness. IndividualRead MoreStress Management Plan1516 Words   |  7 PagesStress Management Plan When I was gathering resources for my first stress portfolio, one picture left a deep impression. It says: â€Å"there are only two times I feel stress: day and night.† Yes, stress exists along with our whole life; it may seem that there is nothing that we can do about stress. The homework and exams will keep coming, there is endless study and work in the day, and our career and family responsibilities will always be demanding. However, the good news is that stress can be managed

The American Dream free essay sample

There are many different functions of the American Dream. However, the American Dream embraces a sight of respective prosperity, personal safety, and personal liberty. The American dream is a continually fluctuating set of ideals, reflecting the ideas of an era represented in popular culture. Popular culture can be defined as a shared set Of practices and beliefs that have attained global acceptance. Popular culture can be characterized by: being associated with commercial products; developing from local to national to global acceptance; allowing consumers to have widespread access and are constantly changing and evolving.Hip hop is a musical genre which developed alongside hip hop culture, and is commonly based on concepts of looping, rapping, freestyles, Digging, scratching, sampling and beating. The music is used to express concerns of political, social, and personal issues. Hip hop started as a blend of late asss jazz poetry, the influx of Caribbean migrants and their musical influences and the sasss and asss political and gang cultures of inner city New York. Hip hops local roots can be traced back to the mid seventies when it started as gatherings of youth getting together for what they called bloc parties.Hip hop initially unified many of New Works minorities and created inter racial harmony, on a small scale and only for a short time. Borrowed from New Works gang cultures was spray painting. Hip Hop turned gang tags into aerosol art, and thus another facet of Hip hop culture was born. Hip hops rise to global acceptance was extremely quick. It went from local bloc parties in the late seventies, to national recognition in the early asss with independent artists and labels recording hip hop for the first time.Finally in the mid eighties when Grand Master Flash and the Furious Five went global tit The Message and Run DMS and Aerostatic went number one around the world with Walk This Way, hip hop had become global and mainstream. Through its rise from local, national, to global hip hop showed continued evolution. Initially hip hop involved the sampling of old jazz and funk beats mixed with percussion breaks. Music was spun by Dos and due to the unsophisticated equipment there was no smooth transition from song to song. Initially the role of the MAC was to entertain the audience during the short breaks when the DC was changing records.This eventually lead the Macs to Start joking and interacting with the audience, that lead to short autobiographical raps, and lastly to what we know today as rap music. Throughout hip hops rise to global acceptance, products and trends have followed hip hops evolutionary journey. From the back to front and inside out attire of Chris Cross, to the oversized brightly colored pants of MAC Hammer, hip hop has truly become commercialese and associated with consumer products. Like other forms of popular music, hip hop has the usual associated products, such as Cads, DVDs, concerts and concert shirts etc.Where it does differ from other forms of popular music is the clothing lines, shoes, play taxation games (50 Cent Get Rich or Die Trying), associated with the products. Companies have been able to exploit hip hop like no other form of popular music thus far. The range of associated products, endorsements and sponsorships are unmatched, and the attitude of many of the artists seems to exacerbate this relationship to capital. Hip hop crossed a huge obstacle in 2006 when hip hop artists won an Oscar for best song, Its Hard out Here for a Pimp (Hustle Flow). Hip hops purists have been faced with a problem due to the contemporary format that hip hop has taken. Many feel that artist have sold out. Selling out though raises the previous argument about artists relationship to capital. Is it the fault of the artist or are they just a reflection Of modern day society? Money hungry, sexist and individualist, the total opposite of where hip hop was when it originated, collectivist, grassroots and pouring out of the asss asss civil rights culture. Hip hop and popular culture are both constantly changing and evolving. Hip hops early years from the late asss-1 986.This stage is categorized with block parties, live music, and unsophisticated rhymes/raps, A hip hop a hipping to the hop, a hipping to the hop and you just dont stop. Lyrics such as these dominated the scene, until grandmaster flashs highly controversial song, The Message. Broken glass everywhere People pissing on the stairs, you know they just dont care cant take the smell, cant take the noise Got no money to move out, I guess I got no choice Rats in the front room, roaches in the back Junkies in the ally with a baseball bat tried to get away but couldnt get far Cue a man with a tow truck repossessed my car.Dont push me cue IM close to the edge m trying not lose my head Uh huh ha ha ha Its like a jungle sometimes It makes me wonder how keep from going under. The next era of hip hop is known as the golden age (1986-93). This period is marked by highly political lyrics from New York, and saw the emergence of against rap from the west coast. Taking up the message of the message, New York artists such as KIRKS-One dominated the scene, with highly rhythmic and political lyrics.He caused controversy when he used a famous image of Malcolm-X standing behind a window with a gun. The image was changed to him standing beside the window and instead of holding an M-1 assault rifle; he had a Mack-I O automatic; commonly used in drive by shootings and by gang members. From very early on artists, including KIRKS-One, have been concerned by the associated image of hip hop as rap, and the centralization of it. Rap is something you do; hip hop is something you live. The difference is kids nowadays, they got the videos. Rappers dont need skills to build so they dont really know (KIRKS One Hip Hop vs. Rap Sound of the Policies) Also prominent was Public Enemy. The highly confrontational group again dominated, picking up the social issues prominent in the African American ghetto communities. Public Enemy caused controversy with Flavor Flat wearing a clock around his neck, symbolizing that now is the time. The era also saw the emergence of against rap. The sound was made mainstream when west coast rap crew NNW (Enigmas Wit Attitude) released their debut album, Straight Out Compton in 1988.The next era just simply called The Modern Era (93-present), saw the West coast rappers and the West Coast scene dominate, sparking rivalry between the east and west coast. This rivalry peaked with the controversy surrounding the deaths of Tuba and Biggie Smalls. The era also saw new sounds from the south, and north of America, but more importantly saw the emergence of hip hop artists around the world, rather than just exported American artists. Access is similar to most other pop cultures. What must be mentioned here though is the ethnocentric view of what makes up most pop culture.Access revolves around technology, and money. Therefore very few can truly be pop culture, because just how attainable or accessible are popular cultures to the third world? Unfortunately global really refers to the first world. Hip hop and its consumption was initially a contentious issue. Initially for artists to succeed they had to conform to a commercial sound. During the asss African Americans lobbied MAT for air time. An hour a week was dedicated to the new fad of hip hop. In order to be heard artists needed a sound that would accommodate a predominately white and black middle class audience.This paved the way for the non-confrontational, party sounds of hip hop. Lyrics had little substance, and like so many other popular genres of music, had manufactured images and sounds. But with the advent of new tech analogies, and emerging alternate labels, hip hop fought back, and the media and powers that be were unable to stop the ambush of hip hops political and against rap movements. This leads to the next point, and is probably more relevant to todays music more so than ever: just who controls hip hop/ popular music?Throughout hip hops emergence and evolution, there was a clear line even within commercial/ successful acts Of those with a political nature, and those with just an old school party sound. Within contemporary hip hop, what has been removed on a commercial level has been the success of artists/ acts with that social and political message. Who shot baggy smalls if we dont get them they goanna get us all Im down for running on them (blurred) in they city hall We ride for hall all ma adages stay real Dont thank these record deals going feed your seeds and pay your bills Because they not Masc. get a little bit of love and think they hotTalking bout how much money they got All hall records sound the same Im sick of that fake thug rb rap scenario all day on the radio Same scenes in the video, maintains material Hall dont hear me too These record labels sla ng our tapes like dope You could be next in line to sign and still be writing rhymes and broke Youd rather have a Lexus or justice A dream or some substance A beamer or necklace or freedom Inning like me dont playa hate I just stay awake Its real hip hop, and it dont stop till we get the pop pop off the block (Dead Perez Lets get Free) These lyrics demonstrate the struggle between the artists to have individual redeem yet the reality of the struggle between company and recording artists. The Dead Perez are highly critical of commercial hip hop and its tried methods. Dead Perez are a very well respected crew, but because of the highly political and confrontational nature of their music remain behind the curtain. They are the perfect example of control by big corporations and the media. They have been shut out of popular music because of their highly critical stance on popular music. A perfect case study for control of Hip hop music and Heros and Villains and Mythology is to examine the career of Tuba. Tubas short career saw him covered in controversy, yet he still remains as popular today, ten years after his death.In the eyes of youth Tuba is more than a rap star, he is a thug, he is a musician, he is a social commentator, a poet, and he is relevant. Love him or hate him, Tuba brought the confrontational political nature of Hip Hop back into the mainstream. American authorities attempted to ban Tubas first t-van. Or albums, as his mothers Panther legacy came shining through his song lyrics. Tuba talked about confronting police harassment and bullying, drugs and crime, ND of course social issues relevant to not just disenfranchised African Americans, but many of the worlds poor and disenfranchised. Songs like Breads got a baby talked of the struggles of a teenage mother, and her having to come to grips with the reality Of her situation.The song is based on events reported in a newspaper in America, Brenda didnt know what to throw away and what to keep; she wrapped the baby up and threw it in the trash heap.. . But his social comments rises extend to songs about police harassment, drugs, violence and life in the poorest of Americas black neighborhoods. Keep hay Head Up is a song dedicated to African American women, and the hardships they face due to sexism and racism, but the list goes on White Mans World is another song Tuba writes for his black sisters critiquing the system, every woman in America especially black, bear with me cant you see that we under attack But it also contains autobiographical recollections of his childhood, Mama why they keep on calling me Niger, keep my hate up, and I wait up, pay me back when Im bigger.. . In many respects, Tuba attempts to get them back, but by attacking the system, no doubt again, due to his Black Panther heritage. No other Hip Hop artist has had Dan Quail, the former Vice President of the United States try to have their music banned, or to suggest a senate inquiry should be undertaken. It did fail, but it saw two senators: white, Christian, conservative and Republican and a black liberal Democrat and female leading the charge in the media to have Tubas music banned.Also Tubas music Was burnt and pulled from shelves in more conservative parts Of the country, demonstrating his hero and villain status. This shows how the perception of popular culture is interlinked with the status of hip hop artists as both heros ND/ or villains. It also demonstrates the extent to which institutional power can still influence our perception, access and control of popular culture. Finally Tuba can also be used to investigate mythology. The nature of his career and his early death are perfect examples of how mythology is created around certain popular cultures. The best example of mythology is the east coast, west coast rivalries, or the rap wars.Tuba, born on the east coast but who later moved to California, was allegedly shot by artists from the New York scene. This created mythology, and competition between the east and west coast of America. A clear line was drawn and fans started to align themselves with either artists from the East or West Coast. This demonstrates the control the media can exercise over popular culture as the rivalry was only between Tuba and Baggy Smalls, but because of media hype, it became a rivalry between two major labels, and then two rival scenes for control of the US and world Hip Hop scene. Hip Hop and its associated cultures have had huge impacts on society. What has become accepted on a global scale is African American culture.

Yanomamo Tribe Essays - Indigenous Peoples Of The Americas, Yanomami

Yanomamo Tribe The Yanomamo My name is Eric Dunning and this is my proposal to go and study the Yanomamo tribe in the rain forests of Brazil. I have compiled a historical outline of the Yanomamo tribe and some of their religion and culture, ranging from marital status to the type of food they eat. I have chosen this tribe because according to many anthropologists the Yanomamo are perhaps the last culture to have come in contact with the modern world. The Yanomamo people of Central Brazil are one of the oldest examples of the classic pre-Columbian forest footmen. The Yanomamo live in almost complete seclusion in the Amazon rain forests of South America. The Yanomamo live in small bands or tribes and live in round communal huts called shabonos, which are actually made up of individual living quarters. The Yanomamo language consists of a variety of dialect, but no real written language. Clothes are minimal, and much of their daily life revolves around gardening, hunting, gathering, making crafts and visiting with one another. These small tribes hold their men in high ranks. Chiefs are always men who are held responsible for the general knowledge and safety of the group's women. The men are able to beat their wives if they feel the need to and are able to marry more than one woman at a time. This loose form of polygamy is a way of increasing the population of the tribe. Yanomamo people rely heavily on a system of political alliances based upon relationship. As part of that system, they have incorporated a complex feasting and trading system into their culture. One of these methods of forming political alliances is feasting. Feasting is when one village invites another village for a feast or dinner. During the feast there is a lot of social activity. The Yanomamo dance and mingle with each other along with eating a different variety of foods. The only catch is the other village must reciprocate a feast by one village. This feast is more like an American dinner party in which members of family or social group invite others to attend. A feast however can be dangerous and or fatal for those who attend. The Yanomamo can be very conniving and deceiving. They pretend to be loyal friends and invite the other village for a feast. The other very village very trustfully attends the feast not knowing that this might be their last meal. After the feast when the guests are helplessly resting in their hammocks they are attack ed and brutally beaten to death. The Yanomamo live in a constant state of warfare with other tribes and even within their own groups. Marriages are often arranged according to performances of one's relatives in battles. Ideal marriages are thought to consist of cross cousin marriages and the males of the family and the religious leaders of the tribe perform all marriages. In addition to their strong kinship ties, political alliances and thirst for revenge, the Yanomamo have a detailed religion, based on the use of hallucinogenic drugs and the telling of mythical tales. The religious beliefs of the Yanomamo are quite complex. According to Yanomamo wise men, there are four levels of reality. Through them, the Yanomamo believe that things tend to fall or descend downward to a lower layer is demonstrated. The uppermost layer of the four is thought to be pristine and tender. It is called duku ka misi and the Yanomamo believe that many things originated in this area. This layer does not play much of a role in the everyday life of the Yanomamo. It is considered to be just there, once having some vague function. The next layer down is called hedu ka misi and is known as the sky layer. The top surface is supposedly invisible, but is believed to be similar to earth. It has trees, gardens, villages, animals, plants and most importantly, the souls of the deceased. These souls are said to be similar to mortals because they garden, eat and sleep. Everything that exists on earth is said to have a counterpart on this level. The bottom surface of the layer is said to be what the Yanomamo on earth actually see:

SWOT vs. STEEP Essay Example

SWOT vs. STEEP Essay Example SWOT vs. STEEP Essay SWOT vs. STEEP Essay The relative importance of decision making policy in a certain company may well predict the overall capacity of the business to perform well in the market. In line with this aspect, there are corporate philosophies that were created to help in the process of defining a better way to address the need for development and sustainability. The creation of SWOT and STEEP are just some of the basic domains in aiding the strategic planning process in a certain business.The existence of these two particular philosophies greatly influence the planning methods employed in a company. However, some companies prefer one compared to the other. This brings a notion whether the two perspectives provide the same advantages in properly addressing the needs in strategic planning. A relative comparison may be done to inhibit the appropriate impression whether SWOT is much better than STEEP or vice versa. This will at least address the considerations of businesses if they actually provide the same capacit y of benefits in policy making attributes.SWOT means (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats) while STEEP is (societal, technological, ecological, political). At this very sense, the relative goal of SWOT remains in the overall internal inflictions for the company. The business can at least formulate a development strategy by identifying the relative factors included in it. The Strengths allow the industry to identify its optimistic value of operations; Weaknesses identify the common errors done in the business planning which can be avoided; Opportunities offers the process of identification of the positive acquisition of ideas in the environment while Threats give a plausible notion for external factors that may inflict harm to the business processes. As a matter of fact, the SWOT analysis gives constructive information which could help in matching and complimenting the firm’s resources and capabilities to the competitive environment in which it operates (QuickMBA, 19 99).On the other hand, STEEP rather identifies almost all the possible external sources of change in the internal business planning strategy. This includes the identification of various factors that only incorporates the influence of the outside world to the organizations processes. The company becomes a passive structure in the dynamic of marketing since it can only identify the actual relative events that currently induce the social structure. The Social and Political patterns become the predictor factor in doing marketing strategy, increasing the risk of trending the business operation to what the events demand. This could be a harmful step especially to the market segments where other preferences may be at existence. Moreover, Technological and Ecological factors erase the need for the company to explore other alternatives since these two factors can readily suffice the needs of a business but only in a short term approach.There are various ways that can be considered in creatin g the most appropriate marketing strategy. However, the organization should first identify what market segments it wishes to conduct its business operations. In any case, the SWOT remains at a more advantage state compared to STEEP because the change and operation process starts within the company itself and not external factor driven, enriching further what aspects the business is expert at.Bibliography:QuickMba (1999). SWOT Analysis. Strategic Management.Retrieved May 4 2007, from quickmba.com/strategy/swot/

Aer Lingus

Aer Lingus is the national airline of Ireland. It is headquartered at Dublin Airport, Ireland. †¢The airline operates 43 aircraft and carries on average 10 million passengers per annum. †¢The airlines primary mission is to connect Ireland with the world and the world to Ireland by offering its customers the best product in the Irish airline market at a competitive price. The airline’s primary markets are Ireland, the United Kingdom, Europe and the United States. The Irish people typically undertake several overseas flights a year. This is partly driven by Ireland’s status as an island nation but also reflects the inherent propensity among the Irish to travel to visit overseas destinations. tgp2012 1 Marketing orientation Marketing orientation In 2001 after the 9/11 effect on the airline industry Aer Lingus introduces their first model of low fares to compete with other low fare In 2001 after the 9/11 effect on the airline industry Aer Lingus introduces their first model of low fares to compete with other low fare airlines. The airline was close to bankruptcy and they had to find new waysairlines. how to keep the company afloat. They carried out numerous to see The airline was close tosurveys within the industry to find new what was needed/wantedtheorder to prosper. They carried out numerous bankruptcy and they had to identify ways to see how to keep in company afloat. So after the initial surveys they lowered their fares and altered/removed/added new destinations. Since prosper. ompany’s marketing surveys within the industry to identify what was needed/wanted in order to then the So after the initial surveys they loweredupdated/upgraded many times putting the customer in theSince then the company’s marketing orientation has been their fares and altered/removed/added new destinations. driving seat. orientation has been updated/upgraded many times putting the customer in the driving seat. Marketing mix Marketing mix

Beta thalassaemia major Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Beta thalassaemia major - Essay Example This classification is based on the type of globin chain (alpha or beta) which is affected. This clearly indicates that hemoglobin structure is central to the pathology of thalassaemia. Beta thalassaemia or Cooley's anemia as it is called refers to decreased beta chain production and hence deficits in hemoglobin due to defects in the gene forming the chain Hemoglobin (Hb) is protein responsible for oxygen carrying in the body. It is made of four peptide chains, two alpha or a chains and two beta or b chains. Hemoglobin synthesis is controlled by genes which are switched on and off at different phases in the human life (beginning at the embryonic stage). Gamma genes regulate formation of fetal hemoglobin, which is switched to beta genes postnatally. It is about the 9th gestational week that the transcription switch from g chain to b chain production starts. Normally fetal hemoglobin synthesis declines gradually during this time but continues until 9 months of age. It is at about the 9th month after birth that the switch is completed.(Sarnaik 2005). This beta gene therein controls beta chain production in adults. In patients suffering from beta thalassaemia, there is a switch from a normal gamma-globin gene, in the fetus to an abnormal beta-globin gene, in the adult. (Blau 1994). ... tations have been described so far) Beta-thalassaemia major is hence a result of transmission of the mutated form of beta-globin gene from both parents, to the offspring. This results in inheritance of both defected form of the gene and has severe clinical manifestations for the patient. Clinical features and abnormalities As has been described above, beta thalassemia major refers to a decreased production of beta globin chains which are required for formation of normal haemoglobin in the blood. This results in decreased levels of normal haemoglobin(A) in the body. Interestingly there are evidences of increased levels of fetal (F) and abnormal haemoglobin (A2). Recent studies established that this abnormal increase in other Hb forms was due to production of excess of alpha chains, some of which are consequently utilized to synthesize hemoglobins which do not require beta chains, such as hemoglobin F (a2 g2) or hemoglobin A2 (a2 d2) and hence the elevated levels of such hemoglobins! (Perrimond 2001). Clinically this is very relevant as it leads to excessively reduced RBC life, this is primarily due to precipitation of free alpha chains on the RBCs. Other clinical features are is extremely severe hypochromic anemia as a result of ineffective erythropoesis. There is also significant decrease in hemoglobin content per cell and microcytosis. In order to compensate for this the body attempts to increase the red cellproduction. This results in increase marrow cavities and 'extramedullary erythropoeisis' in the liver and spleen. The consequences of such endeavours may result in hepatosplenomegaly, bone defects and much discomfort (pain) in patients. In children, there is high incidence of growth deficit, cardiac problems and jaundice (due to excessive break down of red

Risk Management and Policy Decision-Making Essay - 1

Risk Management and Policy Decision-Making - Essay Example the fear of the resiliency of the breaks in the weather condition and even the managers of the manufacturers of the machine, Ferrari, refused but the persuasion by the officials ensured that the cars were launched according to the plans and previous schedules of launching. The decision to launch the first Ferrari was arrived at after numerous hours of debating which involved both the management of the rallying event, the makers and all the external political forces. All this were influenced by numerous bureaucracies in the handling of the actual decision of whether to proceed with the launch or not to proceed. Since the decisions were being made from a multifaceted approach, the heroic engineers tried to avoid the accident by cancelling the launch but the administrators due to their lack of the actual knowledge and evidence that could lead to disastrous outcome of the launch; they went ahead and initiated it. However there is the actual lack of evidence that portrays previous accidents correlating the slippery road surface and the rainy weather as having disastrous effects on the brakes of the super road machines. There is clearly a missing evidence of previous accidents in relation to the brakes resiliency due to variation in the rain drizzles. However the indication of the failure of the car breaks is explained as indicated by the Ferraris explanation using their chats does not show the evidence of similar accidents or disasters with a cause that is due to the correlation with drizzles variability and the physical conditions of the roads post the rainy event. Even though some of the previous launches under similar conditions indicated the possibility of the failure of breaks , but there was no evidence of cause in relation to the crushing of Ferrari one. This accident had an impact in the future management of the high speed rally cars launches in relation to the weather of the day. In relation to the management approaches and the ideologies of the engineers,

My Philosophy of Education: Combining Progressivism, Essentialism and B

My Philosophy of Education: Combining Progressivism, Essentialism and Behaviorism Upon being faced with the task of writing my philosophy of teaching, I made many attempts to narrow the basis for my philosophy down to one or two simple ideas. However, I quickly came to the realization that my personal teaching philosophy stems from many other ideas, philosophies, and personal experiences. I then concentrated my efforts on finding the strongest points of my personal beliefs about teaching and what I have learned this semester, and came up with the following. The first and most important of the three formal educational philosophies that have been major influences on the formation of my own philosophy is progressivism. Progressivism is based on the belief that people learn best from what they consider to be relevant to their every day lives. In other words, students learn best from personal experience, hands-on experiments, and from interacting in groups with those around them. However, for these small groups to be entirely effective, they must be chosen at random; basing the groups on race, gender, sexuality, or social background will defeat their main purpose. The use of progressivism in the classroom broadens students? points of views and expands their abilities to understand differences in opinions. Furthermore, it inculcates students with a vast array of knowledge about their surrounding environment and everyone in it. Without the use of the progressive method, it is almost impossible to thoroughly educate children on complex topics such as racism, religion, and people that come from different societies, nationalities, or ethnic groups. A lack of knowledge of this sort le... ... student?s academic career. On top of everything else, teachers must possess an irrepressible yearning to motivate and educate children. Some children receive very little praise and motivation outside of the classroom environment. This puts a new responsibility on teachers to make sure that children (especially those who are underprivileged or disregarded by friends and family) get the attention and motivation they need in order to achieve. This can make all the difference in a child?s ability to do well in school. Knowing the characteristics of an exceptional teacher, along with realizing the challenges that teachers face to become effective and respected are daily motivation for me. They inspire me to become a more educated and knowledgeable person, which will allow me to become the admirable, successful teacher I know I can be.

Money Transfer in Ghana Case Study

The introduction of mobile money service is taking place in isolation but in parallel with the advent and expansion of other financial electronic payments services. One of these is E-Zwich, an electronic platform that enables the loading and spending of electronic cash and also allows the settlement of inter-bank claims in addition to online transactions. Others are being made available over the Internet and through SMS-text messages. The government regards these services as banking. They are strictly regulated and licensed by the Central Bank- Bank of Ghana under its branchless banking policy. Both MTN and ZAIN SIM cards are enabled to utilize the service but each new subscriber needs to register for the service at before it is activated. Upon activation, the user is provided with a secure electronic â€Å"wallet† where funds can be disbursed or uploaded. The users can either exchange electronic money for physical cash (cash out) at shops, partner banks and accredited agents or make use of it in making purchases or transfers. Enabling a Cash Flow to Rural Areas In general, the most popular mobile money service is money transfer. The trend is for users in urban areas to transfer funds to recipients in rural areas. Traditionally in Ghana, city dwellers often send money to members of their extended family living in rural areas. Other typical services include the purchase of mobile phone airtime, goods and services through electronic transfer of money from user's wallet to the merchant's account. Commenting on money transfer via mobile phones, Carl NiikoiAshie, an mcommerce (mobile commerce) specialist at Zain who works on ZAP, said: â€Å"The customers can ‘cash in' by loading money onto their ZAP wallet, then send the money to someone else on their phone in a simple process. The person receiving the money can ‘cash out' by going to any of our outlets and exchanging the evalue for physical cash. We're seeing tremendous growth in the service across the country, with more cash-in done in the major cities while cash-outs are seen predominantly in the smaller towns. † Ashie sees a lot of evidence that his product is reaching Ghana's unbanked. â€Å"Users do not need to have a bank account to use the service. Currently, there are a lot of monetary transactions that take place outside the confines of the banks and it will take a product like ZAP to fill the void while providing a secure, convenient and trustworthy channel of transaction,† said Ashie. â€Å"Some customers have also requested products that will allow them to use their ZAP wallets for savings and hence enjoy interest on their savings, just as pertains in the traditional bank setting. † Today, consumers have a variety of ways to send and receive funds or money transfers. Although using cash to send a money transfer is the most popular method for most people, more and more people want additional options: to send and/or receive funds on the internet, over the phone, and now, on their mobile phones. Mobile money transfer is simply another way to send money. It is a transfer of money to a receiver in which the funds are deposited into a mobile or â€Å"virtual† wallet. As the number of mobile phone subscribers in Ghana increases, so does the market for mobile money services. The majority of Ghanaians lack any formal bank account. mobile money could change the shape of financial transactions in the country. An estimated 80 percent of Ghanaians are â€Å"unbanked† – meaning they conduct their transactions outside the banking sector with no access to financial services. Products like â€Å"mobile money,† that enable safe and secure money transfers without the use of a bank account, could have a major impact on this unserved segment of the population. Mobile money gives anyone with a mobile phone the ability to transfer money, make cash payments and conduct other financial transactions over the phone. Mobile money is a relatively new phenomenon in Ghana. It was first introduced by the telecom company MTN some years ago. MTN Mobile Money operates in partnership with nine banks. Currently, more than 2 million Ghanaians are registered as active users. MTN expects this number to grow as a result of the resources they have committed to educating subscribers about switching from the traditional mode of cash payments to electronic payments. Earlier this year, Zain became the second mobile operator to provide mobile money services through the introduction of ZAP, working with three banks. The coverage and accessibility that mobile services provide is of increasing interest to the financial services sector. Countries are considering mobile technology to reduce the cost of delivering financial services to clients beyond the reach of traditional financial services. ECONOMIC BENEFITS Mobile money transfer has some socio-economic benefits in Ghana, some these are Firstly Improved Financial Access, consider a situation whereby a given business has to carry out a common payment operation, such as bill payment or funds transfer, and that operation demands transportation with all inconveniences attached to it. If the same transportation cost were paid to a service that would effect the same payment on behalf of the company over the mobile phone instead, this more convenient method brings about saving time and energy for other activities, in so doing increasing productivity by performing two tasks instead of one at the end of the day. It appears, therefore, that using your mobile phone to make payments represents to a very large extent convenience taken to another level. By exploiting the extensive reach of mobile networks, the mobile industry has the opportunity to complement and extend remittance channels, make transferring money significantly more convenient and also bring many people into the formal banking system. With more than 15,000,000 mobile phone subscribers in Ghana, the potential market for these new services is significant. Mobile money presents certain advantages for Ghanaians without access to banks. Penetration of mobile services across the world is increasing rapidly. In 1990 there were just over 11m mobile phone users worldwide. Today, over 3 billion consumers own mobile phones. At the same time, the possibility to technically integrate mobile and financial services is becoming increasingly apparent. A recent survey conducted by Edgar Dunn & Company and the GSM Association (GSMA) predicts that, given an improved regulatory environment, in 2012 7% of the subscriber base in developed countries and 4% in developing countries will initiate at least one cross-border remittance. This equates to just over 248 million consumers in 2012 using mobile money transfer services. Financial access for the poor is still an issue in many developing countries. There are currently approximately only 0. 5 million bank branches globally with only 1. 4 million ATM's compared to over 3 billion mobile customers worldwide. The mobile device has the potential to extend access to financial services for the banked, but also for the under-served and unbanked parts of the population. This improved, financial access can be achieved by exploiting the extensive reach of mobile networks. Traditional remittance channels can be complemented and extended with mobile money transfer services. Thus making mobile money transfers significantly more convenient, bringing many remittances from informal channels into the formal system. Secondly it reduces the transaction cost of money transfers. Bank transfers and specialist remittance companies can be prohibitively expensive for small denomination transfers, limiting the ability of individual workers to distribute funds to a larger number of people and penalizing those sending small amounts. Retail premises and staff costs increase overheads, leading to high commissions, especially for remittances below ghc100. It drastically cuts down the cost of providing service to customers. A study carried out proved that there is a substantial cut in customer care cost. This results from the fact that mobile money transfer eliminates the need for costly call centers and frees up customer service help desk. In addition real-time information is provided to customers and employees. Using a mobile platform such as SMS fro simple task as payment reminders and funds transfer can reduce the burden on IT and personal resources. This has also been found to reduce cost and errors associated with paper-base operations. Significant reduction in operational costs means additional revenues can be invested in other areas of the business. Mobile technology can lower the cost of remittances as it removes the need for physical points of presence and ensures a timely and secure method of transaction. This concept of ‘mobile money' is extremely attractive to low income users in particular Mobile money transfer services can make remittances more affordable. Mobile technology lowers the cost of remittances as it removes the need for physical points of presence by banks and ensures a timely and secure method of transaction. This concept of ‘mobile money' is extremely attractive to low income users in particular. It reduces the transaction costs of financial services for the poor, especially those in rural areas where financial services seldom exist. Mobile money saves the cost of travel and time spent visiting the nearest town to access financial services. As noted in AudienceScapes research, mobile money provides people with a way to transfer money safely and keep (or even increase) their savings. From the customers’ perspective, mobile banking is relatively easy to use, and this is another advantage compared to traditional means of banking as well as electronic banking, given the fact that text messaging has become a common application of mobile phones. Thirdly mobile money transfers drive growth and development. Mobile money has the potential to create jobs directly through hiring in the mobile phone companies, partner banks and the more than 4,000 merchants involved in Ghana's mobile money system. Key partners in the provision of mobile money services include commercial banks, mobile phone operator's shops, distributor shops and accredited agents. Jobs may be created indirectly as mobile money contributes to growth in Ghana's business and trade. If deployed successfully, mobile money could help individuals harness funds outside the banking system and channel them into the formal financial sector, thus making it easier to gather funds for investments. Not surprisingly, the general manager of Mobile Money-MTN, Bruno Akpaka, sees many benefits for Ghana as it continues adopting this service. Akpaka believes mobile money will â€Å"help trade activities within the country and foster strong business partnerships. † â€Å"The creation of wide merchant footprints in places where traditional banks cannot go also contributes to bringing people into this new model of financial transactions,† said Akpaka. â€Å"MTN Mobile Money is bridging this existing huge gap between the unbanked and the financial sector. † Mobile-financial convergence creates socio-economic benefits. It is widely accepted, that increased access to mobile telephony in developing countries brings considerable benefits to the economies of the respective countries. It is estimated that an extra 10 mobile phones per 100 people in a typical developing country lead to an extra 0. 89 – 1. 210 percentage points of growth in GDP per person. In addition, remittances are an important engine for growth and development in developing countries. The World Bank estimates that reducing remittance commission charges by 2-5% could increase the flow of formal remittances by 50-70%, boosting local economies. Reducing the cost of sending each individual remittance would encourage the delivery of lower value remittances, at smaller values than today's average transfer of ghc200. Financial regulators have the opportunity to use the development of mobilefinancial convergence to achieve their aims: ? ? ? ? New services offered to consumers, i. e. mobile money transfer services (innovation) Cheaper prices through more efficient use of the mobile infrastructure (competition) Across all consumer groups (banked, under-banked, unbanked) Transition remittances from informal to formal remittance channels (more visibility of money flows) Both the mobile and the financial industry benefit from this opportunity to cooperate in new ways providing innovative services to an increased customer base. The challenges facing the market. Access Access to the facilities to receive money is often limited, particularly for the poorest people in more rural areas where the banking sector is under represented and a largely cash-based economy exists. There are currently approximately only 0. 5 million bank branches globally with only 1. 4 million ATM's compared to almost 2 billion mobile customers worldwide. Those who would benefit the most are therefore the least likely to benefit from remittances from migrant workers, locked out of their market through their social, economic and geographical position. Cost Bank transfers and specialist remittance companies are prohibitively expensive for small denomination transfers, limiting the ability of individual workers to distribute funds to a larger number of people and penalising the poor who can only afford to send small amounts. Retail premises and staff costs increase overheads, leading to a high fixed commission cost per remittance with industry revenues estimated at an average 15% per transaction, increasing to over 25% for remittances below ghc100. Handset operability There are a large number of different mobile phone devices and it is a big challenge for banks to offer mobile banking solution on any type of device. Some of these devices support Java ME and others support SIM Application Toolkit, a WAP browser, or only SMS. Initial interoperability issues however have been localized, with countries like Ghana using portals like R-World to enable the limitations of low end java based phones, while focus on areas such as South Africa have defaulted to the USSD as a basis of communication achievable with any phone. The desire for interoperability is largely dependent on the banks themselves, where installed applications (Java based or native) provide better security, are easier to use and allow development of more complex capabilities similar to those of internet banking while SMS can provide the basics but becomes difficult to operate with more complex transactions. There is a myth that there is a challenge of interoperability between mobile banking applications due to perceived lack of common technology standards for mobile banking. In practice it is too early in the service lifecycle for interoperability to be addressed within an individual country, as very few countries have more than one mobile banking service provider. In practice, banking interfaces are well defined and money movements between banks follow the IS0-8583 standard. As mobile banking matures, money movements between service providers will naturally adopt the same standards as in the banking world. Security Security of financial transactions, being executed from some remote location and transmission of financial information over the air, are the most complicated challenges that need to be addressed jointly by mobile application developers, wireless network service providers and the banks' IT departments. The following aspects need to be addressed to offer a secure infrastructure for financial transaction over wireless network: 1. Physical part of the hand-held device. If the bank is offering smart-card based security, the physical security of the device is more important. 2. Security of any thick-client application running on the device. In case the device is stolen, the hacker should require at least an ID/Password to access the application. 3. Authentication of the device with service provider before initiating a transaction. This would ensure that unauthorized devices are not connected to perform financial transactions. 4. User ID / Password authenticationof bank’s customer. 5. Encryptionof the data being transmitted over the air. 6. Encryption of the data that will be stored in device for later / off-line analysis by the customer. One-time password(OTPs) are the latest tool used by financial and banking service providers in the fight againstcyber fraud . Instead of relying on traditional memorized passwords, OTPs are requested by consumers each time they want to perform transactions using the online or mobile banking interface. When the request is received the password is sent to the consumer’s phone via SMS. The password is expired once it has been used or once its scheduled life-cycle has expired. Because of the concerns made explicit above, it is extremely important that SMS gateway providers can provide a decent quality of service for banks and financial institutions in regards to SMS services. Therefore, the provision of service level agreements (SLAs) is a requirement for this industry; it is necessary to give the bank customer delivery guarantees of all messages, as well as measurements on he speed of delivery, throughput, etc. SLAs give the service parameters in which a messaging solution is guaranteed to perform. Scalability & Reliability Another challenge for the CIOs and CTOs of the banks is to scale-up the mobile banking infrastructure to handle exponential growth of the customer base. With mobile banking, the customer may be sitting in any part of the world (true anytime, anywhere banking) and hence banks need to ensure that the systems are up and running in a true 24 x 7 fas hion. As customers will find mobile banking more and more useful, their expectations from the solution will increase. Banks unable to meet the performance and reliability expectations may lose customer confidence. There are systems such as Mobile Transaction Platform which allow quick and secure mobile enabling of various banking services. Recently in India there has been a phenomenal growth in the use of Mobile Banking applications, with leading banks adopting Mobile Transaction Platform and the Central Bank publishing guidelines for mobile banking operations. Application distribution Due to the nature of the connectivity between bank and its customers, it would be impractical to expect customers to regularly visit banks or connect to a web site for regular upgrade of their mobile banking application. It will be expected that the mobile application itself check the upgrades and updates and download necessary patches (so called â€Å"Over The Air† updates). However, there could be many issues to implement this approach such as upgrade / synchronization of other dependent components. Conclusion. For customers and businesses in the country, it is a unique platform to bring convenience in financial transactions to customers, an area which before this period had been beyond our domain and reach for those of us in Ghana and most of Africa. For the customer, its time and cost saving elements cannot be over emphasized and the earlier we adopt electronic ways of financial transactions, the better it will be for a whole society that would see a transformation, resulting from the ability to cut down on time lost accessing basic services like funds transfer amongst businesses and individuals.

Racial Profiling and Police Use of Force - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 1959 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Racial Profiling Essay Did you like this example? Racial profiling is a prevalent topic that tugs at the heartstrings of people all across America. Racial profiling affects so many people because government officials such as law enforcement and U.S. courts are believed to use this technique. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Racial Profiling and Police Use of Force" essay for you Create order Government officials and law enforcement have practiced racial profiling, but the government must understand how to treat everyone equally despite commonly using this technique. Documents have shown African Americans are arrested and incarcerated at a higher rate than any other racial group. Studies show that In 2014, African Americans created 2.3 million, or 34%, of the total 6.8 million correctional population. This is the equivalent of 1 out of 3 African Americans have been in jail or probation. (last name). This problem will not solve itself and American citizens must use their right to protest to take a stand against this discrimination and inequality displayed by law enforcement. Racial profiling has been practiced by law enforcement for a long time and people of color, whether black or Mexican, always tend to fall victim to this. In most cases, white people are committing more crimes than African Americans, but the difference is that African Americans are punished way more severely than white people are. This is also the case because African Americans tend to be pulled over more often than white people do. The fact that African Americans were being incarcerated at such a high rate began to raise questions for many African Americans; one of whom was Kenneth Meeks. Meeks is the author of a book called Driving while Black. One question that she tackled in her book was, Do African Americans actually commit more crimes than other races? or is there racism and injustice amongst law enforcement in the U.S. justice system? She began her answer by discussing the United States v. Martinez-Fuerte case of 2011. This case began with a Hispanic man who was driving near th e border of California and Mexico when he was stopped by the American Border Patrol. Simply based on his ethnicity, the police proceeded to ask him several questions and search his car. This man, was not an illegal immigrant so he felt like his Fourth Amendment right was being stripped from him because he was clearly stopped and interrogated because of his Mexican ancestry. The court ruled that the border patrol appropriately stopped him and that the fourth amendment was not violated during this search. They also said that the border patrol was simply doing its job in keeping undocumented immigrants out of the country and border patrol can lawfully search anyone that they suspect is crossing illegally. There is a vast disparity amongst African Americans and white people that are incarcerated. There are typically tens of thousands more African Americans in jail than white people and this can be backed up by data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics. According to Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), at the end of 2016, federal and state prisons locked up about 486,900 inmates who were black and 439,800 who were white. The difference is almost 47,100, but the same survey shows at the end of 2009, there were 584,800 blacks and 490,000 whites with a difference of almost 94,800. The difference between 2009 and 2016 saw a 17% decrease in the number of black inmates during that span, which was greater than the 10% decrease in the number of white inmates. These statistics show that African Americans are evidently being incarcerated at a much higher rate than white people, but it seems like progress is being made as there was a larger decrease of African Americans in jail vs the decrease of white people in jail from 2009 to 2016 African Americans and police often have very different views regarding racial profiling. These notions that racial profiling occurs is a view that African Americans are all too aware of. After the incidents in Ferguson and Baltimore, where African Americans were unjustifiably killed by law enforcement, the issue of racial bias was evident to America and everyone saw how much of a different race can play in the way law enforcement assesses a situation. According to the New York Times, among US states, California has the highest racial profiling rate when it comes to police officers pulling over African Americans for traffic violations. If the law enforcement knows the driver is African American they become very cautious and proceed very carefully. If they have the slightest amount of suspicion or doubt, they call for backup immediately. Law enforcement tends to take discrimination even further by unrightfully searching the driver and their car because they have reasonable suspicion b ased on the color of the drivers skin. However, determining whether or not something is racial profiling is extremely difficult to gauge because there is sometimes increased crime rates in African American neighborhoods which makes it hard to determine whether there was racial profiling or the police simply know theyre in an area with a high crime rate and are on edge. Even if an African American is completely innocent, law enforcement still proceeds very cautiously as they dont trust an innocent African American as they would, say a white person. However, African Americans tend to dictate how police are seen in the media because African Americans are usually being pulled over by them. These complaints are often the cause of police being blamed for racial profiling. Although most of the time, African Americans are pulled over for minor issues with their car and if they do not cooperate with the police, physical force will be typically be used against the individual and its likely that they can be shot and killed without further question. In August 2017, officers pulled over Mr. Walter Scott for a broken headlight. He was unharmed and after searching his car, the officer could not find anything, but once the officer tried to detain him for having no driving license, Walter began running and the officer opted to shoot Mr. Scott in the back 9 times. In a video from a New York Times reporter, it showed that both officers and the Scott are standing and talking, but once Scott started running the officer didnt even attempt to pursue and chose to simply shoot him despite being no threat. By the time the paramedics arrived, Mr.Scott had died; with his face on the ground and handcuffs on his hands as if he were a criminal or as if he were someone who was justifiably shot. Yet at the end of the day, justice was served and the officer was charged with first-degree murder. However, it was too late because Mr. Scott was already dead. He was a hard-working middle-class citizen but because of the racial bias that police have for African Americans, he suffered a repugnant death at the hands of people who are supposed to protect and serve the community. Police officers have this tendency that African Americans are criminals who have no rights and that theyre less worthy than other races and that is essentially what racial profiling boils down to and the fact that African Americans are deemed less worthy to live than other races is completely unacceptable. African Americans have had to come to terms with this racial profiling and they realize that they will continue to be victims of racial bias for years to come. Drummond and Tammerlin, the lead researcher and director of the Institute on Race and Justice, did research on how to survive in todays society growing up as a colored person, or in general as an African American. They soon found out that this is a very difficult matter that plagues all African American communities. This affects them not only when growing up but also how conscious they have to be while theyre driving. For most parents, theyre happy to see their child grow up and get their driving license because they see their child has grown up and within a few years their child could be completely independent. However, for African Americans, this is not the case. Amongst African American kids, their parents dont want them to by themselves when it comes to driving or being independent. African American parents are very much a ware of police and racial profiling so they are very hesitant when it comes to letting their children go out on their own because they dont want them to fall victim to a racial bias incident with the police. In many racial profiling incidents, law enforcement act with no regard to the law despite their job being to uphold the law. An example of this was seen on August 15, 2017, when a Michigan state trooper was in pursuit of 15-year-old Damon Grimes. Grimes heartbreaking death begins with him riding his ATV and an officer in pursuit. When Grimes doesnt pull over, the officer shoots him with a taser from behind which is an utter violation of the law. A second later, Grimes crashes into a parking truck and his ATV flips over. For the first couple of minutes, there was a chance that he might survive but the officers could do nothing but watch him helplessly as his condition drastically became worse and seconds later, Grimes passed away. When the other officers arrived on the scene, they looked at Grimes body and they immediately turned off their body cam. Most officers just walked away because they were unable to look Grimes face and in how bad of condition it was. When one officer unaware of everything arrived at the scene, another officer approached him and shut off his camera. This wasnt because his body was in bad condition or it because it was too graphic for other people to watch, it was because the officers knew that they did something wrong and they didnt want the public to see the video because they knew this would warrant a national outcry. Grimes was unarmed and he had no weapon yet he was shot from behind while he was driving his ATV which is a total violation of the law as police are not allowed to shoot or taser someone while their vehicle is on move, but this is just another example of how police officers act above the law. Police prejudice and racial profiling are the only things responsible for many dishonest arrests and the unjustifiable deaths of African Americans. There is something that has to be done because whether we agree or not, there is racial profiling in America, and many of us refuse to speak against it unless we know somebody close to us who is affected by it. We cant let this happen because its happening to people all across the US and its difficult and unfortunate to watch a certain group of people in our country being treated like criminals or drug dealers just because of their skin color. The worst part is our justice system simply supports the police officers through all of this as if the officers are honestly doing their job without any bias. At this point, almost everyone in the US has heard of racial profiling and has seen police discrimination wreck havoc on African American communities. African Americans have suffered all throughout Americas history and one would hope that America would want to make amends for this, yet almost 250 years later they still remain one of Americas most oppressed racial groups. This can be accredited to the fact that police officers tend to act above the law and as if the law doesnt apply to them. We can also hold the justice system accountable for turning a blind eye to this unreasonable treatment of one of Americas largest racial groups by the law enforcement who use invalid methods of discrimination to convict African Americans of crimes due not to the fact that they are criminals, but because that police simply view them as such.